Prevalence, localization and morphology of sarcocystis species [apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae] infecting horses [Equus caballus] and donkeys [Equus Asnis] in Egypt

Musculature samples of oesophagus, heart, diaphragm, tongue, masseter and skeletal muscles from each of 52 horses and 130 donkeys were microscopically examined by both, compressorium and trypsin digestion techniques for detection of Sarcocystis infection. The infection rate reached 88.5% in horses and 91.5% in donkeys. The sarcocysts were detected in all examined samples with the highest rate in oesophagus [100%]. The morphology and size of the detected sarcocysts, metrocytes and bradyzoites in both, horses and donkeys were found to be similar. The cyst wall was thick [> 2 microm] and appeared striated. Experimentally infected dogs with horse or donkey meat excreted sporocysts measuring 12.2 - 14.6 X 9.0 - 10.7 microm and 12.0 - 14.9 X 8.3 - 10.7 microm. respectively. The prepatent period was 10 - 14 days. It was concluded that Sarcocystis infecting both, horses and donkeys in Egypt could belong to the same species [Sarcocystis bertrami]

Movement of stomach bots [gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus pecorum larvae] in the oral cavity of donkeys [equus asinus]

Examinations were carried out on oral cavities of 56 and 15 donkeys naturally infested with Gasterophilus intestinalis and G. pecorum, respectively. Developing immature larvae of these two species showed a specific pattern of movement within the oral cavity of donkeys. First instars of G. intestinalis burrowed in the dorsal mucosa of the tongue and invaded the interdental spaces of the upper arcade teeth. Second instar larvae also developed there and in the pharynx. First instars of G. pecorum burrowed in the mucous membrane of the hard palate, cheeks and tongue. They dispersed into the soft palate and root of the tongue, where 2nd instars developed. Second instars moved to the pharynx, where they remained until the moult to 3rd instar. Like G. intestinalis, the dispersing 1st instar produced perpendicular air holes for breathing

Studies on Rhinoestrus sp [diptera: Oestridae] larvae infesting donkeys [Equus asinus] in Egypt 1 Incidence and seasonal variations

Examination of 144 donkey heads at the postmortem during the period from September 1989 up to the end of August 1990 revealed that 88 [61.11%] donkeys were infested with rhinoestrus purpureus. The larvae were present in the 88 heads examined throughout the year with highest mean larval number during June [57.86]. The larvae were absent during November and December. The monthly prevalence of each 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae was determined. Each larval instar occurred in two peak of infestations; March and June for the 1st and 2nd 1arval stages and March and August for the 3rd larval stage. The size of infestation showed that the percentage of donkeys infested with 1-50, 51-100 and 101-150 1arvae were 50.69, 9.03 and 1.39% respectively. It was concluded that, two generations of R. purpureus occurred during the year and the adult flies were active during two seasons; from mid-January to mid-April and from early June to late September. Two annual treatment of donkeys during March and June were recommended to eliminate most of the 1arvae from infested donkeys

prevalence of Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis [diptera: Oestridae] infesting cattle in Istanbul region, Turkey

Out of 2326 cattle examined at Istanbul abattoir in 1990-1991, 45 [1.9%] were found to be infested with Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis, with annual mean larval burden of 22.5 larvae per cattle. The more prevalent species was Hypoderma lineatum [1.2%]. For both species, the highest mean larval burden per cattle was in December and the lowest mean was in February. The intensity and infestation rate were significantly different between adults and calves where they were greatest in adults. 970 larvae were found in the skin; 679 [70%] of them were Hypoderma lineatum and only 291 [30%] were Hypoderma bovis

Histopathological studies on donkeys infested with larvae Gasterophilus species

The histopathological alterations of infested parts with different larval stages of Gasterophilus spp. were studied in details. The 1st-instar larvae of G. intestinalis and G. pecorum were located in the tongue. The 2nd-instars larvae of G. pecorum were found only in the pharynx, while those of the 3rd instars were observed in both pharynx and stomach. The 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of G. intestinalis and G. nasalis were found in the stomach and duodenum respectively. It has been concluded that gasterophilus spp. Larvae cause eosinophilic reaction with reactive fibroplasia and necrosis in the tongue, pharynx, stomach and duodenum. Ulcer formation in the mucosa of stomach and duodenum were observed

Reactions of 1,2-diphenyl-4benzylidine-3,5-dichloro-pyrazolium perchlotrate with some amines

The chemistry of 3,5 pyrazolidinediones and 3-[substituted] -l,2-diphenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-ones has received much importance since the discovery of the remarkable anti-inflammatory property exhibited by many members of these classes. This investigation describes the preparation of l,2-diphenyl-4-benzylidine-3,5-bis [dialkyl or heterocyclic - amino] pyrazolium perchlorate, using l,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione as a starting material. Action of alcoholic NaOH on the perchlorate salts, IR and NMR spectra of the new products are also investigated

2,4-bis [substituted] -5nitropyrimidines of expected diuretic action

Interest in pyrimidine diuretics have been intensified, since the discovery of the diuretic action of xanthines. A large series of pyrimidine derivatives was prepared, and its diuretic activity has been established. Also, several sulphonamides and disulphonamides are potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and effective diuretic agents. Therefore, this work describes the synthesis of new 2,4-bis [substituted]-5-nitro-pyrimidine derivatives, some of them include the sulphonamide moiety, which are expected to possess biological activity as diuretic agents

Reactions of phosphorous oxychloride-amide adducts XIII A novel synthesis of 1-N,N-Dime-thylamino-1-ethoxyethylene

Meerwein et aL[1] succeeded in the preparation of l-N,N-dimethylamino-1-ethoxyethylene [1]. Bredereck and co-workers [2] obtained the ethoxyenamine from the reaction of N,N-dimethylacetamide- dimethylsulphate adduct with sodium ethoxide followed by distillation over calcium metal. Electrophilic addition to the double bond in the ethoxyenamine [1] has been reported. With acid chlorides, the enamine afforded the corresponding beta- ketoamides [3]. We would like to report a direct and simple method for the synthesis of the ethoxyenamine. This compound has now been prepared by the treatment of dimethylacetamide-ethyl chloroformate adduct [4] with triethylamine, whereby CO[2] is evolved